Identification of risk factors in rat bite incidents involving humans.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess the occurrence of rat bites within an urban population and examine the demographic characteristics to determine whether risk factors can be identified. METHODS An observational epidemiologic study was used to collect rat bite data from 1974 to 1996 and plot the incidence of rat bites and factors relating to the characteristics of the victim, circumstances of the bite, and the environmental conditions present at the time and the location of the bite. Comparison between the first 10 years and the last 12 years was made to gauge changes in the incidence of rat bites. RESULTS A total of 622 rat bite cases were confirmed, with incidence gradually decreasing each year. Rat bites primarily affected children 5 years of age and younger. The majority of bites were inflicted on the face and hands and occurred in the bedroom between midnight and 8 AM. Physical condition of the structure in which the bite occurred and adjoining structures were significant factors in rat bite incidents. Most bites occurred in the warmer months. CONCLUSION Risk factors for potential rat bite victims still exist and can be identified for additional planning of intervention and prevention strategies.